Positive reinforcement as a learning tool is extremely effective. Being praised for doing a good job and for passing a driver’s test is also a reward. Our paychecks are rewards, as are high grades and acceptance into our preferred school. Some people might say, “Why should I reward my child for doing what is expected?” But in fact we are constantly and consistently rewarded in our lives. Jerome quickly cleans his room because he wants a new art set. In positive reinforcement, a desirable stimulus is added to increase a behavior.įor example, you tell your five-year-old son, Jerome, that if he cleans his room, he will get a toy. The most effective way to teach a person or animal a new behavior is with positive reinforcement. Something is removed to decrease the likelihood of a behavior. Something is removed to increase the likelihood of a behavior. Something is added to decrease the likelihood of a behavior. Something is added to increase the likelihood of a behavior. Positive and Negative Reinforcement and Punishment Now let’s combine these four terms: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment (Table 1). All punishers (positive or negative) decrease the likelihood of a behavioral response. All reinforcers (positive or negative) increase the likelihood of a behavioral response. Reinforcement can be positive or negative, and punishment can also be positive or negative. Reinforcement means you are increasing a behavior, and punishment means you are decreasing a behavior. Instead, positive means you are adding something, and negative means you are taking something away. In operant conditioning, positive and negative do not mean good and bad. In discussing operant conditioning, we use several everyday words-positive, negative, reinforcement, and punishment-in a specialized manner. Differentiate between primary and secondary reinforcers.Explain the difference between reinforcement and punishment (including positive and negative reinforcement and positive and negative punishment).
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